The tour operators claimed that this marine debris came from ocean currents from countries all across the world, caught in the nooks and crannies of the islands and bay's waterways.

Research I've since found suggests a more nuanced reality: as a developing country with an exploding industrial sector, post-war economy, virtually non-existent emission standards, and desire to compete on the world stage, there are limited resources focused on managing the negative externalities generated by this growth.

Vietnam is a leading contributor to discarded plastic in our oceans. Nearly 60% of the population lives on or near a waterway and, culturally, waste management does not seem to be a priority—a sharp contrast having come from Switzerland a week prior where I saw a shopkeeper chase down a candy bar wrapper that she nor a customer was responsible for improperly discarding.

Whether the trash in Hạ Long Bay originated in Vietnam or from countries abroad, I cannot say for sure. Given the attitudes, it's a moot point. There are efforts to improve waste management in Vietnam, however so as I could tell nothing has yet been done on a meaningful level.

It's a sobering reminder that all of humanity lives on a small, blue planet. Our continued apathy has tangible implications, and it is truly disheartening.

For the remainder of our story here, we'll focus on the beauty of this place under overcast skies—an apt metaphor, perhaps. To that end, many of these photos have been spot-treated to remove major marine debris distractions. Enjoy the photos, but keep this note in mind.

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